ZTM-BPD-CIRCOT

Apart from fibre properties such as length, micronaire and strength, Ginning percentage (G.P.) is one of the most important attributes to assess the marketability of cotton. The seed cotton possessing higher GP and good fCLOY Ginibre properties is likely to fetch better price. Furthermore, in cotton markets where transactions are made on seed cotton, the lint content is estimated by the purchaser/broker by subjective methods, which are bound to involve considerable personal bias. Most of the times seed available in the market is an admixture of different varieties and as a result, pure and quality seeds for sowing are difficult to procure not withstanding their high costs. Besides for ginning small kapas samples commercial size roller and saw gins cannot be employed for the purpose of seed production by marginal farmers. Also for trading activities by market yard personnel and others commercial ginning machines are not suitable due to their high cost and requirement of large quantities of sample. Similarly, the breeder has to estimate the ginning percentage of hundreds of genotypes generated in research trials as accurately as possible in a short time.

For quick and accurate estimation of ginning percentage, CIRCOT has designed two portable type ginning machines christened as :
    * CLOY Gin   &    * Kisan Gin

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Founded in 1924, CIRCOT, a unit of the Idian Council of Agricultural Research, Govt. of India is devoted to research on technology of cotton and its by products. This institute participates in cotton improvement research by furnishing quality test data on fibre samples generated in hundreds of breeing trials undertaken all over the country.

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CIRCOT has standardised a biological anaerobic treatment for softening of cotton plant stalks for the preparation of pulp. The process involves chipping of cotton plant stalks, pretreatment of chips with (2-4%) of sodium hydroxide at 100°C for 30 mm., anaerobic treatment of treated chips with microbial consortium for 7 days, post treatment of digested material with alkali at 100°C for 30 mm. followed by mechanical defibration in a refiner/beater to get pulp of required freeness.

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Mushrooms are the fleshy sporophores of fungi known to grow in nature on decaying cellulosic materials, dead wood, soil and manure pits. Majority of these fungi belong to the class Basidiomycotina and a few to the class Ascomycotina. Edible fungi under the order Agaricales and the families Agaricaceae, Polyporaceae and Pluteaceae have been under commercial cultivation.

CIRCOT has come out with an inexpensive pretreatment on crop residues for seeding oyster mushrooms by resorting to a 24 h-48 h treatment under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. This replaces the conventional hot water treatment thereby reducing the cost of cultivation.

India being a tropical country producing different kinds of crop residues at varying temperatures, growing oyster mushroom is the best option. Practically, any crop residue can be used for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms. In India, rice straw and wheat straws are commonly being used. CIRCOT has established that Pleurotus sajor-caju (Dhingri) grows very well on cotton stalks and yields upto 600 g per kg of the material and on supplementation with bengal gram flour @3%, as much as l000g of fleshly fruiting bodies can be harvested.

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Cotton Textile Mills generate about 80,000 to 85,000 tonnes of solid cellulosic wastes popularly known as Willow-dust and cyclone dust. These waste materials are rich in cellulose and hence innately suitable for biogas production.

CIRCOT has therefore developed methods for producing biogas using these materials both by a
(i) batch fermentation process and a
(ii) semi continuous fermentation process.

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